Insulin therapy, also known as insulin treatment or insulin replacement therapy, is a medical process that involves the administration of human-made insulin to individuals who have diabetes mellitus and are unable to produce enough natural insulin. This condition occurs when the pancreas fails to manufacture sufficient amounts of this crucial hormone required for glucose regulation in the body.
The primary goal of insulin therapy is to maintain blood sugar levels within a normal range, thereby preventing complications associated with high or low blood sugar fluctuations. Insulin plays a vital role in facilitating cellular uptake and utilization of glucose, ensuring that cells throughout the body receive necessary energy for proper functioning.
Insulin therapy typically involves multiple daily injections using insulin pens, syringes, or pumps, which deliver measured doses directly into the subcutaneous tissue. In some cases, insulin is administered via continuous insulin infusions through an intravenous device called a pump or by implanting an insulin-producing pancreas transplant.
There are several types of insulins available for therapy purposes:
Rapid-acting (soluble) insulin: It acts within 15 minutes to facilitate glucose absorption and is usually used in combination with other types. Mainly administered before meals.
Short-acting insulin starts working after a short lag phase of approximately 30 minutes, allowing for optimal blood sugar control around meal times. Also often combined with rapid or intermediate insulins.
NPH (Neutral Protamine Hagedorn), also known as Intermediate-acting
This type of insulin takes effect after an initial delay and maintains its action for several hours. Frequently used at bedtime to control blood sugar levels during periods when the body is less active.
Long-term or Ultralente insulins: These types have a slow onset, usually within 2-4 hours of injection
Regular insulin remains effective for extended durations across several days. It's typically prescribed in cases where patients require regular dosing due to their specific metabolic needs.
The decision on which type of insulins to use and how frequently they should be administered depends primarily upon the unique requirements of each individual patient, taking into consideration factors such as physical activity levels, nutritional plans, medical considerations, or personal health goals. Consulting a healthcare professional is always recommended for tailored advice regarding insulin therapy.
